MODELLING OF RELATIVISTIC EXPERIMENTS WITH LIGHT SIGNALS (МОДЕЛИРАНЕ НА РЕЛАТИВНИ ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТИ СЪС СВЕТЛИННИ СИГНАЛИ)

Abstract: The relative experiments with light signals are conducted according to the circumstances, without insight into their principle of arranging. This way of scientific progress leaves behind estimates, deprived of explicitness. Is needed systematization, so the demand for concrete results be made purposefully, with elements of heuristics.

EXPERIMENT OF SAGNAC (1913) – TREATMENT WITH INERTIAL MOVEMENT OF THE MIRRORS (ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТ НА САНЯК (1913) – ПОСТАНОВКА С ИНЕРЦИАЛНО ДВИЖЕНИЕ НА ОГЛЕДАЛАТА)

Abstract

The witty experiment per Sanyak represents a direct testament to the unsoundness of the second postulate of the Special theory. But her admirers quickly stick to it the label "non-inertial" with which it removes from its path of scientific rise, respectively, it crossed out for discussion and study. From the very staging of the experiment, however, shows that this assessment is unserious.

EXPERIMENT OF FIZEAU (1851) – PASSAGE OF LIGHT THROUGH TRANSPARENT SUBSTANCES (ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТ НА ФИЗО (1851) – ПРЕМИНАВАНЕ НА СВЕТЛИНАТА ПРЕЗ ПРОЗРАЧНИ ВЕЩЕСТВА)

Abstract: The conclusions from the experiment of Fizeau (1851) are unsatisfactory, with the disadvantage to look at the facts primarily on the visible surface. In this sense, they are the incomplete and partially unfaithful.

OBSERVATION OF BRADLEY (1728) – DYNAMIC LIGHT REFRACTION (НАБЛЮДЕНИЕ НА БРАДЛИ (1728) – ДИНАМИЧНО ПРЕЧУПВАНЕ НА СВЕТЛИНАТА)

 Abstract: The phenomenon of "light refraction" has two components: The first, the familiar static refraction as a result of the nature of substance and the angle of incidence of the beam (a genuine refraction – valid both for the moving systems and the system Кo of the light). The second, the omitted by a report dynamic refraction as a result of the movement of the Earth (valid only for the moving systems).

DATA ANALYSIS FROM THE OBSERVATION OF ROEMER (1676) (АНАЛИЗ НА ДАННИТЕ ОТ НАБЛЮДЕНИЕТО НА РЬОМЕР (1676))

Abstract: The asymmetry between the roads "going" and "return" of light signal in a moving system K' (regarding system Ko of light) can be caught only with unidirectional signals. Such case constitutes the observation of Roemer (1676). Roemer measures the period T of rotation of the satellite Yo around Jupiter (stationary system K), using the unidirectional rays of Yo to the Earth (moving system K') in staging closed by Earth's orbit. Thus detects unclarified in depth timing differences between the zones of moving away and approach of the Earth to Yo, carelessly neglected by the relativism.

DECISION OF RELATIVE TASK WITH THREE CLOCKS (РЕШЕНИЕ НА РЕЛАТИВНА ЗАДАЧА С ТРИ ЧАСОВНИКА)

Abstract

DECISION OF RELATIVE TASK WITH THREE CLOCKS: Three identical clocks (systems, brothers triplets) К, К' and K" are located on one line. Initial on the left is a clock K', which moves to the right with velocity v. At some distance from it stands the stationary clock K. And a third, at a considerable distance from both is a clock K", which moves to the left with velocity v. Follows the process of capturing of the times: First, a clock K' meetings clock K, respectively, K' is updated with K. Afterward, a clock K' meetings clock K", respectively, K" is updated with K', i.e, takes the indication K'. So the indication K" becomes (and remains) the same as indication K', wherever they may be is located a clock K' along the line of movement. Finally a clock K" meetings clock K, returning so the time t' back at the starting point of measurement. At this moment, the times t'=t" and t of the two clocks are compared directly. By itself is understood that the result will be one: either t'=t"<t, or t<t'=t".

SECOND POSTULATE OF THE SPECIAL THEORY – PHILOSOPHICAL CONTRAINDICATIONS (ВТОРИ ПОСТУЛАТ НА СПЕЦИАЛНАТА ТЕОРИЯ – ФИЛОСОФСКИ ПРОТИВОПОКАЗАНИЯ)

Abstract

SECOND POSTULATE OF THE SPECIAL THEORY – PHILOSOPHICAL CONTRAINDICATIONS: The movement in "emptiness" (vacuum) is a movement regarding this "emptiness". And to attribute the possibility of movement and of the very "emptiness" is simply ridiculous. "The emptiness" is a synonym of full.peace. Regarding her, the velocities of the objects-systems are arranged hierarchically. Hence the mathematics between a stationary system K and a moving K' (for the lengths): L=L'.b – real results in K, L' = L/b – mirrored (anti) result in K' (yet Copernicus showed that observations K' are not true). The idea of the Theory at L=L'.b the opposite expression to be L'=L.b is undoubtedly innovative. Only it is not known to have such mathematics. In short, at equality of rights is in force L'=L, at inequality of rights – L=L'.b, L'=L/b, and at the dizzying "unequal equality" of the Theory – her supermodel L=L'.b, L'=L.b...[b=(1-v²/c²)^1/2]. However, there is no prohibition system Кo to bind with "the emptiness". Now if mentally cut the hoop of the Galaxy and it expands, it will get a "river" of inertial systems and independent of these beams of light – viewpoint Кo. Immediately make a connection with the eternal truth of the antique genius: "Everything flows, everything changes". But it appears the Special theory which begins to manipulate this undoubted position ushering through the second postulate something like an own norm: "For the duration of the transition of the light signal between two points everything ceases to run". That is to say, in this period of time the Theory in order to decide their task, "terminated" the movement of the inertial systems regarding system Кo. It is precisely thus in each of them the signal is moving with the same speed "c".

SECOND POSTULATE OF THE SPECIAL THEORY – CRITICAL ANALYSIS (ВТОРИ ПОСТУЛАТ НА СПЕЦИАЛНАТА ТЕОРИЯ – КРИТИЧЕН АНАЛИЗ)

            Abstract

       SECOND POSTULATE OF THE SPECIAL THEORY – CRITICAL ANALYSIS: In the wording of the second postulate of the Special Theory, we are witnessing of obvious unscientific approach. The speed of light establishes as constant when measured with a single clock in bidirectional regime "going-return" and the Theory a priori accept this result as valid and unidirectional – only the outward, only on return. I.e. the objective truth is: In closed loop "going-return", the speed of light is with a constant average value in all systems and all directions. In this regard, the measurement with a single clock is not quite accurate but it is the as accurately as possible. It regulates the limit of accuracy to which can reach relativism. Any other options will impair the objectivity of the study.

PRINCIPLE OF RELATIVITY – PHILOSOPHICAL CONTRAINDICATIONS (ПРИНЦИП НА ОТНОСИТЕЛНОСТ – ФИЛОСОФСКИ ПРОТИВОПОКАЗАНИЯ)

Abstract  (МТ)
The scientific interest having to expose certain inconsistencies of the conclusions of the Special Theory with laws from the fields of the cognition whose universal validity is unshakable. I will mark the moments at the phenomenon of "movement" in which the Theory replaced the objective order of the cognitive process with their own whims and suggestions.

PRINCIPLE OF RELATIVITY – CRITICAL ANALYSIS (ПРИНЦИП НА ОТНОСИТЕЛНОСТ – КРИТИЧЕН АНАЛИЗ)

           Abstract  (МТ)  

          The definition of the Principle of relativity allows misleading inaccuracies, mixing analytical thinking with not so flawless sense ideas. In fact, this principle needs the unmasking. To the purpose I will show that the movement of two systems against each other (+v,-v) is tantamount to their movement in one direction (+v,+v), (-v,-v), is equivalent to rest between them (the state of the systems is not dependent on the inverting of (-v) in (+v) and vice versa). The given definition appears a hidden form of relative peace between systems.

GENERAL AND PRIVATE TASKS FOR TRANSFORMING OF COORDINATES AND TIME ( ОБЩА И ЧАСТНА ЗАДАЧИ ПРИ ТРАНСФОРМИРАНЕ НА КООРДИНАТИ И ВРЕМЕ)

Abstract: As is known, in the fixed system K and the inertial system K', which is moving towards it, the Lorentz transformations look like this (only for the abscissa and the time): x'=(x-v.t)/b ; t'=(t-v.x/c²)/b, where b=(1-v²/c²)^1/2. We will show here that these expressions are inaccurate as a result of inadmissible mixing of two separate tasks: 1) General task: To find the formulas for the transformation of random event (x, t) in event (x', t'). 2) Special task: To find the formulas for the transformation of the "light signal" event (x, t) in the "light signal" event (x', t'). The solving of problems 1 and 2 can not be uniting because the random events occur without connection between the coordinates and the time while the coordinates and the time of the signal obey the dependence: x_s=c.t_s ; x'_s=c.t'_s , where "s" is the signal index. Videlicet, in the case of a light signal the Lorentz transformations should be indexed: x'_s=(x_s -v.t_s)/b ; t'_s=(t_s -v.x_s/c²)/b. In this situation, since x_s=c.t_s ; x'_s=c.t'_s , they can now be solved to the final form: x'_s=a.x_s/b ; t'_s=a.t_s/b, where a=(1-v/c). Only now the index "s" should be removed, to obtain a solution of the general problem: x'=a.x/b ; t'=a.t/b. It is in these extreme formulas, each pair of x, t from system K would correspond to a pair of x', t' of system K'.

With this study will make a partial analysis (only of § 3) of article of A. Einstein dated 1905, from which to appear clearly where and how inconsistencies are admitted in deducing the Lorentz transformations (only for the abscissa and the time): x'=(x-v.t)/b ; t'=(t-v.x/c²)/b, where b=(1-v²/c²)^1/2. To be most accurate, will follow verbatim author’s text¹, and afford only to change the system (k) of K' and the speed of light V of c (dots indicate omitted text).

Let’s begin with direct citation of § 3: 

            "§ 3. Theory of the Transformation of Co-ordinates and Times from a Stationary System to another System in Uniform Motion of Translation Relatively to the Former

Let us.....take two systems of co-ordinates.....Let the axes of X of the two systems coincide, and their axes of Y and Z respectively be parallel.....Now to the origin of one of the two systems К' let a constant velocity v be imparted in the direction of the increasing x of the other stationary system K.....To any system of values x, y, z, t, which completely defines the place and time of an event in the stationary system, there belongs a system of values x', y', z', t', determining that event relatively to the system К', and our task is now to find the system of equations connecting these quantities."¹

            This part of the text condition is the general, basic task: To find the formulas for the transformation of random event (x, t) of a stationary system K, in event (x', t') by moving toward it inertial system K'. We will explicitly note that random events occur with no relation between the coordinates and time.

            Continuation follows, where points are confused:

"From the origin of system К' let a ray be emitted at the time t' along the X-axis.....For a ray of light.....x'=с.t'.....At the time t=t'=0, when the origin of the co-ordinates is common to the two systems, let a spherical wave be emitted therefrom, and be propagated with the velocity c in system K. If (x, y, z) be a point just attained by this wave, then x²+y²+z²=с².t². Transforming this equation with the aid of our equations of transformation we obtain.....x'²+y'²+z'²=с².t'²."¹

            This part of text condition presents the special task: To convert the coordinates and time of a light signal. Here we have to emphasize that these coordinates and time of signal are subject to the known dependence: x_s=с.t_s ; x'_s=с.t'_s.

            Theory is ignorant for these two separate problems. It does not realize that the particular case should be different marked by the general case, since the condition with the independent (freely elective) parameters of random events and the condition with interdependent parameters of the event "light signal" simply cannot be merged into a single condition. That aggregation, if performed, will represent arranging of circumstances created by the mind leading points outside of the limits of reality.

Theory, however, using the same markings, starts just on this route of self-delusion and arrange "general" dependencies: x'=с.t' ; x'²+y'²+z'²=с²t'² and x=с.t ; x²+y²+z²=с²t². While the undeniable truth is that these links will be true and will apply only under indexation "s" of the light signal, i.e. Lorentz transformations known to us are nothing more than private relationships and they has to be written like this: x'_s=(x_s-v.t_s)/b ; t'_s=(t_s-v.x_s/c²)/b . However, these equations transforming only the parameters of the light signal are not solved to the end. Since there are links x_s=с.t_s ; x'_s=с.t'_s, they apparently must be rationalized to the final form: x'_s=a.x_s/b ; t'_s=a.t_s/b, where a=(1-v/c). Only now the index "s" should be removed, to obtain a solution of the general problem: x'=a.x/b ; t'=a.t/b. It is in these extreme formulas, each pair of x, t from system K would correspond to a pair of x', t' of system K'.

It remains to clarify one more important detail. For this purpose let set aside the indexation and to write transformations as given by the theory: x'=(x-v.t)/b ; t'=(t-v.x/c²)/b. Now let’s think on the meaning of the terms in parentheses. As we know, the presence of factor v.t in the conclusion for x' and factor v.x/c² in the conclusion of t' is interpreted by physics as some inseparable intertwining of spatial and time dimensions, so math stop here. In fact, within specified combinations there’s nothing unusual. Just up to moment t, beginning O' of system K' is shifting from the beginning O of system K at a distance v.t , which the signal travels for time v.x/c² or (v/c).(x/c) or. (v/c).t ..

From the equivalent format: x'=(x-Δx)/b ; t'=(t-Δt)/b, where Δx=v.t, Δt=v.x/c² and Δx/Δt=c, it becomes obvious the fact that the very transformations eliminate displacement of systems through the corrections: x_cor=x-Δx ; t_cor=t-Δt and x'=x_cor/b ; t'=t_cor/b, i.e. there is performed a comparison of the parameters of the systems in matched beginning, but keeping all the changes caused by the movement.

Ultimately, we can summarize those transformations given by the theory as a result of confusion rise incorrect, speculative suggestions and ideas about reality.

  

             Reference

1. A. Einstein – ON THE ELECTRODYNAMICS OF MOVING BODIES

http://www.fourmilab.ch/etexts/einstein/specrel/www/

ОБЩА И ЧАСТНА ЗАДАЧИ ПРИ ТРАНСФОРМИРАНЕ НА

КООРДИНАТИ И ВРЕМЕ

Резюме: Както е известно, при неподвижна система K и движеща се спрямо нея инерциална система К', Лоренцовите трансформации изглеждат така (само за абцисата и времето): x'=(x-v.t)/b ; t'=(t-v.x/c²)/b, където b=(1-v²/c²)^1/2. Тук ще покажем, че тези изрази са неточни като резултат от недопустимо смесване на две отделни задачи: 1) Обща задача: Да се намерят формулите за преобразуване на произволно събитие (x, t), в събитие (x', t'). 2) Частна задача: Да се намерят формулите за преобразуване на събитието „светлинен сигнал“ (x, t), в събитие „светлинен сигнал“ (x', t'). Решаването на задачаи 1 и 2 не може да се обедини, понеже произволните събития се случват без обвързаност между координатите и времето, докато координатите и времето на сигнала се подчиняват на зависимостта: x_с=c.t_с ; x'_с=c.t'_с , където „с“ е индексът за сигнала. Сиреч, в случая със светлинен сигнал Лоренцовите трансформации трябва да се индексират: x'_с=(x_с-v.t_с)/b ; t'_с=(t_с-v.x_с/c²)/b. При това положение, понеже x_с=c.t_с ; x'_с=c.t'_с, те вече могат да се решат до крайната форма: x'_с=a.x_с/b ; t'_с=a.t_с/b, където a=(1-v/c). Едва сега индексът „s“ следва да отпадне, за да се получи решението на общата задача: x'=a.x/b ; t'=a.t/b. Именно по тези крайни формули, на всяка двойка x,t от система К ще съответства двойка x',t' от система К'. 

Ще се спра отново на днешната проблемна трансформация на координати и време, с цитиране (без да превеждам) на оригиналната статия "A. Einstein – ON THE ELECTRODYNAMICS OF MOVING BODIES, 1905г" (http://www.fourmilab.ch/etexts/einstein/specrel/www/). Ще си позволя само да променя система (k) на К' с параметри x', y', z', t' и скоростта на светлината от V на с (многоточията означават пропуснат текст).

"§ 3. Theory of the Transformation of Co-ordinates and Times from a Stationary System to another System in Uniform Motion of Translation Relatively to the Former

Let us.....take two systems of co-ordinates.....Let the axes of X of the two systems coincide, and their axes of Y and Z respectively be parallel.....Now to the origin of one of the two systems К' let a constant velocity v be imparted in the direction of the increasing x of the other stationary system K.....To any system of values x, y, z, t, which completely defines the place and time of an event in the stationary system, there belongs a system of values x', y', z', t', determining that event relatively to the system К', and our task is now to find the system of equations connecting these quantities."

Същият текст на руски (http://path-2.narod.ru/02/03/kedt.pdf).

"§ 3. Теория преобразования координат и времени от покоящейся системы к системе, равномерно и прямолинейно движущейся относительно первой

Пусть.....даны две координатные системы.....Пусть оси X обеих систем совпадают.....Пусть теперь началу координат одной из этих систем К' сообщается.....скорость v в направлении возрастающих значений x другой, покоящейся системы K.....Каждому набору значений x, y, z, t, которые.....определяют место и время событий в покоящейся системе, соответствует набор значений x', y', z', t', устанавливающий это событие в системе К', и теперь необходимо найти систему уравнении, связывающих эти величины."

Тази част на текстовото условие представя общата и главна задача на Теорията: да се намерят формулите за преобразуване на произволно събитие (x, y, z, t) от система K в събитие (x', y', z', t') от система К'. Нека напомня, че произволните събития се случват без обвързаност между координати и време.

Следва продължението (където постановката тотално се обърква):

"From the origin of system К' let a ray be emitted at the time t' along the X-axis.....For a ray of light.....x'=с.t'.....At the time t=t'=0, when the origin of the co-ordinates is common to the two systems, let a spherical wave be emitted therefrom, and be propagated with the velocity c in system K. If (x, y, z) be a point just attained by this wave, then x²+y²+z²=с²t². Transforming this equation with the aid of our equations of transformation we obtain.....x'²+y'²+z'²=с².t'²".

Същият текст на руски (http://path-2.narod.ru/02/03/kedt.pdf).
"Пусть из начала координат системы К' в момент времени t' посылается луч света вдоль оси X.....Для луча света.....имеем x'=с.t'.....пусть в момент времени t=t'=0 из общего.....для обеих систем начала координат посылается сферическая волна, которая распространяется в системе  K со скоростью с. Если (x, y, z) есть точка, в которую приходит эта волна, то.....имеем: x²+y²+z²=с²t². Преобразуем.....с формул преобразования; тогда получим: x'²+y'²+z'²=с²t'²."

Тази част от текстовото условие представя частната помощна задача на Теорията: преобразуване на координатите и времето на светлинен сигнал (частното решение служи за преход към общото). Тук се налага да изтъкна, че събитието "светлинен сигнал" се подчинява на строга зависимост между координати и време.

Видно е, че Теорията не схваща посочените две отделни задачи и, прекрачвайки отвъд реалноста, вкарва тяхното решаване под един знаменател – този на зависимостите: x'=с.t' ; x²+y²+z²=с²t² и т.н. (самозаблуда, внушаваща умозрението за единно пространство-време). Докато неоспоримата истина е, че тези връзки са в сила единствено за светлинния сигнал, че ще са верни само под негова индексация, да речем (x_с, y_с, z_с, t_с): x_с'=с.t_с' ; x_с²+y_с²+z_с²=с²t_с² и т.н. Фактически Лоренцовите трансформации са: x_с'=(x_с-v.t_с)/b ; t_с'=(t_с-v.x_c/c²)/b – уравнения, преобразувщи само параметрите на светлинния сигнал. При това, нерешени докрай, подлежащи на още операции до окончателния си вид: x_с'=a.x_с/b ; t_с'=a.t_с/b , където a=(1-v/c) ; b=(1-v²/c²)^1/2 (същото се вижда и от трансформацията t'=[t-(v/c²).x]/b, която всъщност е t'=[t-(v/c).(x/c)]/b или t'=(1-v/c).t/b). Т.е. изкривените и половинчати трактовки на Теорията не стават за преобразуване на произволни събития. Другото е диктат на обременена, настояваща за вярване рутинност, видимо задъхваща се в похода за повече Наука

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