EXPERIMENT FOR VERIFICATION OF A SECOND POSTULATE OF THE SPECIAL THEORY (ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТ ЗА ПРОВЕРКА НА ВТОРИ ПОСТУЛАТ НА СПЕЦИАЛНАТА ТЕОРИЯ)

Abstract

The Michelson interferometer was dissolved in 180⁰. Ray 1 and ray 2 going on his shoulders, pass through the delaying them a glass plate with a thickness d=1mm and a refractive index n=1,46, while on return they move in an air environment. Their times t₁ and t₂ are as follows: Ray 1 (on the velocity v of the Earth) – t₁=(d.n)/c+(v.d.n²)/c² +d/c–(v.d)/c². Ray 2 (against the velocity v of the Earth) – t₂=(d.n)/c–(v.d.n²)/c²+d/c+(v.d)/c². Or, wave 2 outstrips wave 1 by time Δt=t₁–t₂=(2.к.v.d.n²)/c². On the screen of the device, at the size L between the crests of the waves, at time Δt will correspond their displacement ΔL=(L/Т)., where Т=λ/с is the period, and к=(1–1/n²). From here it will be in force: ΔL/L=(2.к.v.d.n²)/(λ.c). At λ=5.10^-7m is obtained ΔL=0,45L – value, easy to measure.

Keywords: Special theory, Second postulate, Michelson-Morley experiment

EXPLANATIONS ON SOME RELATIVE REGULATIONS (ПОЯСНЕНИЯ ПО НЯКОИ РЕЛАТИВНИ ЗАКОНОМЕРНОСТИ)

Abstract: As is known, for a stationary system K and a moving K', the time transformation dependence looks like this: t'=1/b[t-(v/c²)x], where b=(1-v²/c² )^1/2. Here x=c.t is the abscissa of the light signal...no other, i.e. the true transformation of time is: t'=t/b, respectively t=t'.b – the clock K' hurries. Important explanation!! The formula t=t'.b reads as follows: (time t measured with a clock K)=(same time t measured with a clock K').b – second K'<second K. While the Special Theory, instead of x=c.t, inadmissibly uses the abscissa x=v.t of the clock K' located at the beginning O', and thus assumes for real the incorrect conclusion: t'=t.b – the clock K' lags behind.

ABOUT THE RELATIVE IDEA AND ITS FOLLOWERS (ЗА РЕЛАТИВНАТА ИДЕЯ И НЕЙНИТЕ ПОСЛЕДОВАТЕЛИ)

             Abstract            

           The Principle of the end indivisible particle "atom" (ἄτομος - indivisible) and the subsequent Principle of opposite have no alternative as the first basis of the Universe and the reason for its self-development. These are the two universal tools for insight into the nature of things. As for the relative teaching all scientists should be aware of: It is one thing to droop yourself on the Einstein's neck, and quite another – to step on his shoulders.

FOR THE MASS ENERGY AND LORENTZ TRANSFORMATIONS (ЗА МАСАТА ЕНЕРГИЯТА И ЛОРЕНЦОВИТЕ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИИ)

Abstract: In the article, we give definitions of the mass (m) and energy (E) and show the exact transformations of mass (m), a length (L) and time (t). We analyze the differences with today's physics. So, the mass means a quantity of matter, and the energy – a quantity of ability to act on this matter. The mass and energy are neither lost nor created. They are only converted from a potential state (m_p, E_p) into kinetic (m_k, E_k) and vice versa. Hence the three laws of conservation: m=m_p+m_k – const., Е=Е_p+Е_k  – const., Е/m=Е_p/m_p=Е_k/m_k=k – const. Transformations between systems K (at rest) and K' (in motion) are obtained in the form: m'/m=L'/L=t'/t=(number N<1), where N=(1-v/c)^1/2/(1+v/c)^1/2 , i.e. with a change of speed, the mass, the length and the time change simultaneously, in one direction and to the same extent (with increasing speed they diminish). It is precisely in this way that the laws retain their form in all systems (the summation of the constituent magnitudes is always zero).

FOR PHYSICAL QUANTITIES AND THEIR DIMENSIONS (ЗА ФИЗИЧНИТЕ ВЕЛИЧИНИ И ТЕХНИТЕ ДИМЕНСИИ)

Abstract

Today's physics claims as an undisputed fact that the Lorenz's transformations x'=(x–v.t)/b ; t'=(t–v.x/c²)/b (point of view K', where b=(1-v²/c²)^1/2) they speak of inseparable interweaving of spatial coordinates and time. Here I show the insolvency of this thesis. For this purpose, I make a simple comparison between the quantities of "length" and "time" on the one hand and their dimensions "meter" and "second" on the other, with the result: length=(number).(meter) ; time=(number).(second). Therefore, in order to interlace the length and time, it is necessary to interlace the meter and the second or the numbers in front of them (there is no another for interlacement). And since the numbers cannot interlace, I show that between the meter (m', m) and second (s', s) also had no interlacing: m'=(m–m.s/s)/b or  m'=(m–m)/b ; s'=[s–(m.m/s)/(m²/s²)]/b or  s'=(s–s)/b (Principle of opposite=Principle of determination).

ABOUT THE QUANTUM BEGINNING AND THE UNITY OF FORCES

Abstract: The World is built on the Principle of opposite. However, the physics does not work in this direction. Here we will show the starting "plus-minus" material structure and its definitions, as follows: boundary mass m₀ – const (the atom of Democritus) ; boundary energy E₀=h – const  (the Plank’s constant) ; linear size of the bipolar microcell R_r – const. ; linear density ρ_r=m₀/R_r – const ; interaction force between the material "plus" beginning and the ideal "minus" beginning  F_r=c².ρ_r –  const. ; gravitational constant G=c²/ρ_r (already with clear physical sense). These parameters (Е₀=h, m₀₌h/с², ρ_r=с²/G, R_r=h.G/с⁴, F_r=c⁴/G) form the quantum unit of the matter, respectively, of the Universe. Along with solving of this task, we also track the unified origin of the forces F=a.m и F=G.(m₁.m₂)/R².  In general all forces in Nature have their explanation as derivatives of the primary force F_r=c².ρ_r . In the end, we give to understand where it comes from the ability of matter to moves and develops itself. 

ЗА КВАНТОВОТО НАЧАЛО И ЕДИНСТВОТО НА СИЛИТЕ

 Резюме:  Светът е устроен на Принципа на противоположност. Физиката обаче не работи в тази посока. Тук ще покажем изходната „плюс-минус“ структура на материята, с нейните определения, както следва: гранична маса m₀ – const (атомът на Демокрит) ; гранична енергия Е₀=h – const (Планковата константа) ; линеен размер на биполярната микроклетка R_r – const ; линейна плътност ρ_r=m₀/R_r – const ; сила F_r на взаимодействие между материалното „плюс“ начало и идеалното „минус“ начало F_r=c².ρ_r  – const. ; гравитационна константа G=с²/ρ_r (вече с ясен физически смисъл). Тези параметри (Е₀=h, m₀₌h/с², ρ_r=с²/G, R_r=h.G/с⁴, F_r=c⁴/G) формират квантовата единица на материята, респективно, на Вселената. Наред с решаването на тази задача, проследяваме и единния произход на силите F=a.m и F=G.(m₁.m₂)/R². Изобщо всички сили в Природата имат своето обяснение като производни на първичната сила F_r=c².ρ_r . В крайна сметка, даваме да се разбере откъде идва способността на материята да се самодвижи и саморазвива

FOR ENERGY AT THE CYCLICAL MOVEMENTS

Abstract

In all cyclical movements, including electromagnetic waves, it is about a process of transformation of energy by many time repetitions the same cycle. Here we will show the three legal situations that determine this transformation, namely: 1) Amount of the transformed energy E₀ from one cycle. The energy E₀ from one cycle will be a constant value as it is a result of unchangeable initial conditions. At a quantum level E₀=h – the Planck’s constant...depends on the constant structure of the field matter. 2) Total amount of the transformed energy E from n performed cycle. The total energy E is equal to the constant energy from one cycle E₀=h, multiplied by the number n of the cycles performed – E=h.n. 3) Speed of transformation of the energy dE/dt or power of the process according to the dependence: N=dE/dt=h.(dn/dt) or N=h.f, where f=dn/dt is the process frequency (number of oscillations per unit time). The compilation E=h.f, proposed by M. Plank, is a misunderstandin. This is evidenced by its juxtaposition with the dependence E=h.n for random radiation – for example with a frequency f=600.10¹²Hz, where n=600.10¹² is the number of oscillations: According to today's formula E=h.f, for 1 sec. the emitted energy is E₁=h.f, for 2 sec. – E₂=E₁=h.f, for 3 sec. – E₃=E₁=h.f, etc. This result is obviously implausible. The correct conclusion follows from formula E=h.n, namely: Е₁=h.х;n ; Е₂=2Е₁=h.2n ; Е₃=3Е₁=h.3n etc. (with time, the number n of the oscillations is doubled, tripled, etc.).

ЗА ЕНЕРГИЯТА ПРИ ЦИКЛИЧНИТЕ ДВИЖЕНИЯ

Резюме

При всички циклични движения, в това число и при електромагнитните вълни, става въпрос за процес на преобразуване на енергия чрез многократно повтаряне на един и същ цикъл. Тук ще покажем трите законови положения, които определят това преобразуване, а именно: 1) Количество на преобразуваната енергия Е₀ от един цикъл. На квантово ниво Е₀=h – Планковата константа...зависи от непроменливата структура на полевата материя. 2) Общо количество на преобразуваната енергия Е от n извършени цикъла. Сумарната енергия Е е рявна на постоянната енергия от един цикъл E₀=h, умножена по броя n на извършените цикли – Е=h.n. 3) Скорост на преобразуване на енергията dE/dt или мощност на процеса, съгласно зависимостта: N=dE/dt=h.(dn/dt), т.е. N=h.f, където f=dn/dt е честотата (брой колебания за секунда). Компилацията E=h.f, предложена от М. Планк, е недоразумение. Това личи от нейното съпоставяне със зависимостта Е=h.n за произволно излъчване – например с честота f=600.10¹²Hz, където n=600.10¹² е броят на колебанията: Според днешната формула Е=h.f , за 1 сек. излъчeната енергия е Е₁=h.f , за 2 сек. – Е₂=Е₁=h.f, за 3 сек. – Е₃=Е₁=h.f и т.н..Този резултат очевидно е неправдоподобен. Вярното заключение следва от формула Е=h.n, а именно: Е₁=h.n ;  Е₂=2Е₁=h.2n  ; Е₃=3Е₁=h.3n  и т.н. (с времето броят n на колебанията се удвоява, утроява и т.н.).

ON THE NATURE OF THE MOVEMENT (ЗА СЪЩНОСТТА НА ДВИЖЕНИЕТО)

Abstract

The peace at quantum level is absolute – force field (system К₀). Here are possible only wobble (wave) movements. Moreover, the passage of energy into kinetic form has two aspects: 1) Quantity E of the transformed energy. 2) Speed dE/dt of transformation of the energy or power N=dE/dt.  In point 1 is in force: E=h.n, where h=E₀ is the constant energy of one oscillation (the Planck\s constant), and n – number of the oscillations done. In point 2 is in force: dE/dt=h.(dn/dt) or N=h.f, where f=dn/dt is the frequency – the number of oscillations per unit of time. The compilation E=h.f, proposed by M. Plank, obviously is a misunderstanding. For information, the electric meter works by the formula: dE/dt=h*.(dn/dt) or (dE/dt).dt=h*.dn, respectively Е=N.t=h*.n  [vat.sec]  (h* – an energy from one rotation of the disc…depends on its sizes and material).