Abstract: The World is built on the Principle of Oppositeness, which is a Principle of qualitative-quantitative definiteness. Even at its nascency, however, Quantum Physics falls into indefiniteness. The reason is a made error in the law of electromagnetic wave energy: E=h.f , where h – Planck's constant, f=n/t – wave frequency (number of oscillations n, per unit time t). As a result, we see a rate-dependent law and a fundamental constant h without physical meaning. While the correct formula is: From the power P=dE/dt=h.dn/dt, respectively, (dE/dt).dt=h.dn [watt.sec] or E=h.n . Here h is the finitely discrete portion of energy E0 – const. of one wave period. The following is the relationship: h/c2=m0 , where (c) is the speed of light and m0 – const. represents a finitely discrete portion of mass – E0/m0=c2 (m0 – the indivisible atom of Democritus, the particle of field matter). The m0 nucleus should be provoking a force reaction from the side of non-spatial void around it. Thus, the pair of opposites forms the primary force-energy cell of matter with size R and linear density ρ0=m0/R. Then for the primary force F0, from which all forces originate, the dependence will be valid: F0=ρ0.с2 or F0=(R.c2/m0). (m0.m0/R2). In this well-known formula, the expression (R.c2/m0) will be the gravitational constant G. Its dynamic variant also becomes obvious: F0=m0.a. Further, the mass m0 has its boundary spatial and force-dynamic relations, marking the constant quantum beginning, from which the next determined structures of matter, respectively, the determined physics, arise. Due to ignorance of fundamental truths, Relativism falls under the same denominator of confusion. It should be extremely clear that the difference (oppositeness) of objects leads to their recognition due to the possibility of determining one through the other. At the identity, such possibility is absent. It is impenetrable, means indeterminacy, relativity. There are no proportions in it, no mathematics. And here's a question: How, then, does Special Relativity enter into the identity of its inertial systems and reveal their relations? Answer: Through total manipulation of thinking. As a result of self-delusion, it introduces definiteness between the systems. Videlicet, this Theory is wrong from the beginning to the end. It starts with the Principle of Relativity which is the Principle of Indefiniteness. The same one, we know, is based on the complete identity between the inertial systems К'(x', t') and К''(x'', t'') moving against each other. That is, there can be no relations here, but the equalities will be in force: x'=x'' and t'=t''. Therefore, the author, without suspecting, abandons this principle, creates the "rest-motion" distinction between systems and starts working with the Principle of Determination. This is the only way to obtain the Lorentz transformations. However, it subsequently returns to relativity – another illogical step, giving life to the ridiculous paradoxes. Thus, in its essence, the Special Relativity represents a Special Theory of Definiteness, but disfigured by tragicomic relativity.
Keywords: Principle of Definiteness, Quantum physics, Planck's constant, Democritus atom, Relativistic physics, Principle of Relativity, Special Relativity
1. Introduction
Our sensory system (the only entrance to the mind for all
knowledge) every minute lets us know that the World is built on the Principle of
Oppositeness, which is
a Principle of qualitative-quantitative definiteness (hence also
of rational thinking). [1]
That is,
precisely because it is determined, the surrounding reality is accessible to
knowledge in a logical order.
This means that contemporary Physics (since the beginning of the 20th
century), developing an ideological environment of unimaginable indefiniteness
and abstractions, has deviated far to one side of normality (we see inexplicable transmission/reception of
energy, particles without mass, impossible to rationalization constants, amazing
relative paradoxes,
spaces with more than three dimensions and many others misunderstandings). The presence
of such distorted modeling cannot be due to anything other than mistakes made
that are subject to correction. A
fundamentally new approach to the search for solutions is needed. In
particular, Quantum and Relativistic Physics should begin to build its
hypotheses and theories only in a deterministic regime. In a word,
the quite clear Principle of Definiteness is the necessary firm mechanism for
the assessment and regulation of Natural history (not admitting objections). This requires us to start
the cognitive activity from the very beginning and from the largest strokes.
2. Quantum Physics
2.1 Questions surrounding the divisibility of
matter
The scheme of sensory-brain reflection is without
alternative. From the senses to the mind flows a continuous stream of maximally
objective data about external reality. Further, however, the cognitive arc
becomes subjective, depending on how completely and accurately the incoming
information will be read.
Generally speaking, we are already affirmed the understanding that the
World is material and matter is divided into ever smaller parts. But we haven't taken some next decisive
steps: Why
do we feel (directly and indirectly) only two forms of matter - substance and
field? Why
the two are opposites? Does
the discontinuity of substance
also apply to the field? Can the division of parts continue indefinitely?
Logically speaking, the fragmentation of substance into smaller and smaller particles is a process leading to the undefined symbols "zero value" or "dimensionless mathematical point". But from such a "nothing" a "something" cannot be integrated. The so-called infinitesimal quantities of differential calculus, in fact, should be borderline small quantities, i.e. should be fully defined, finite scales. From indefiniteness one cannot obtain definiteness, as well as from definiteness one cannot pass into indefiniteness. The qualitative-quantitative determination of the External Reality speaks of a passed process of dialectical transformations from some existing initial determination.
2.2 A solution to Zenon's aporia about Achilles and the tortoise
Zenon's
(V BC) aporia about the quick-footed Achilles and the tortoise leads to the
same conclusion. [2] The
Sage, we know, divides the distances to infinity and thus comes to the
conclusion of the impossibility of any movement. But this situation is in
obvious contradiction with reality (legend says that his student walked to and
fro to show otherwise). In this case, there would have to be some finitely
small distance that can no longer be traversed in parts, but only all at once
(discontinuity turns into continuity).
In this spirit, we can point out more than one or two sample reasoning about the limit of divisibility of matter. But what represents this limit, and why haven't we come across it yet at the all tremendous progress of science? It is illogical to expect yet to come across some completely unknown phenomenon other than a finite material particle. This direction of thinking also dictates the Principle of Definiteness. And we haven't discovered this mythical particle so far, probably because of mistakes made.
2.3 Introducing determinism to Quantum Physics
Even at its nascency, Quantum Physics falls into indefiniteness,
arising mainly from the fundamental Planck constant h, which appears
devoid of physical meaning. Therefore, we are heading to the law of energy E of the electromagnetic
wave [3]:
E=h.f (1)
(f=n/t
– wave frequency, respectively, number of oscillations n, per unit of time t)
However, this expression cannot be true, since at the energy
of the oscillations,
superimposition, accumulation, summation should be observed, while the
frequency is a constant quantity. Frequency
will is the
determining factor for the power P of the wave process:
P=dE/dt=h.dn/dt [watt] .(2)
And the correct formula for the energy will be:
(dE/dt).dt=h.dn [watt.sec] or
E=h.n (3)
(where
h is the finitely discrete portion of energy E0 of one wave period)
We summarize: The energy E of any periodic (cyclic)
movement is equal to the energy h* of one period multiplied by the number n of
periods.
For visualization, we will give an example with the AK-47 (a Kalashnikov assault rifle, but for peaceful purposes). We perform several trials with different frequency of the firing practice (different frequency of the process sine wave). Regardless of the firing frequency, the energy released is always equal to the energy h* of one charge multiplied by the number n of charges.
The electricity meter is based on the same dependence. One revolution of the disk realizes the constant energy h* (it depends only on the invariant dimensions of the disk and the material it is made of). That is why the device is not interested in the frequency of the cyclic movement, but only counts the number n of rotations. That is, the energy expended is always equal to the energy h* of one rotation of the disc, multiplied by the number n of rotations (E=h*.n).
2.4 Basic physical-philosophical constants
Thus we arrive at the important relationship:
h/c2=m0
(4)
Here (c) is the speed of light, and m0 represents
the wanted
finitely discrete portion of mass corresponding to the energy E0=h –
const. Actually, the natural order of
the three constants is:
E0/m0=h/m0=с2 – const.
(5)
(m0 – const. is the mass of the indivisible
Democritus atom) [4]
Attitude (5) is a fundamental characteristic of Being and a physical and philosophical key to its understanding. Here are some accents: The Universe represents a single, simple substance - matter. Matter is dualistic. Mass m0 means amount of matter. The energy E0=h means the amount of ability to act of this matter. Apart from matter (spatial material factor) with its ability to act (non-spatial ideal factor), there is nothing else. Matter appears both the source and the object of development. The mass/energy (material/ideal factor) ratio is inviolable. Mass cannot be converted to energy, nor energy to mass. There can be no energy without mass, and no mass without energy. The mass m0 with the energy E0=h are at every point in space. Mass and energy are uncreatable and indestructible. Energy cannot be transmitted/received from one place to another, etc., etc. dozens more determined qualitative-quantitative consequences.
2.5 Origin of dualism
The mass m0 obviously represents a definite
amount of matter. This quantitative determination, in turn, speaks of a limited
volume, of a spatial form. And these are characteristics outlining the
qualitative definition "material particle". Qualitative and quantitative definiteness are
linked in a dialectical unity, so that the quantitative definiteness
causes a
qualitative and vice versa.
However, the material particles m0 cannot exist as a single universal quality, because then they would have to be glued together in some indefinite, continuous material whole, without the possibility of movement, which is contrary to reality. That is, to preserve the quality "particle", for its distinct delineation and possibility of movement, such as is the Objective Reality, around each particle m0 there must be the opposite quality – some immaterial, ideal, formless void. And since the immaterial, the empty, the "nothing" cannot be spatial, it would have to be stretch from the presence of the material particle as a nucleus. So the idea of a dualistic (material core, with empty surroundings), force-tense (charged with energy), primary cell of the initial material environment arises. The latter forms a space of material-ideal force lines, and with them also one single, absolutely immobile system K0.
Structured in this way, system K0 should be capable of self-motion within itself, expressed in a transverse oscillation of the mass m0 relative to the absolutely motionless void, in which it traverses its diameter completely, at once and without any loss of energy (due to the ideal nature of the relationship, the "movement-rest-movement" circle is eternal). In this sense, every movement, in its deep essence, represents spreading on a wave.
2.6 Unity of forces
More specifically, the
m0 nucleus should
be provoking a force reaction from the side of
non-spatial void around it.
Thus, the pair of opposites forms the primary force-energy cell of matter (can't be
charged/discharged)
with size R and linear density ρ0=m0/R. We said that
its energy is neither lost nor created. It only goes from a potential state
(stressed rest) to a kinetic state (motion with speed c)
and vice versa.
That is, the condition will be in effect:
F0.R - m0.с2 = 0 (6)
Then for the primary force F0, from which all
forces originate, the dependence will be valid: F0=ρ0.с2 (7)
Its static variant is:
F0 = (R.с2/m0) ).(m0.m0/R2).
(8)
In this well-known formula, the expression (R.c2/m0)
will be the gravitational constant G. Its dynamic variant also becomes obvious:
F0
= m0.a (9)
(the acceleration a = R/t2)
Further, the mass m0 has its boundary spatial and force-dynamic relations, marking the constant quantum beginning, from which the next determined structures of matter, respectively, the determined physics, arise.
2.7 Principle of similarity
In all their infinite variety, the derivatives of this
quantum beginning can essentially represent nothing but its image and likeness.
The entire Universe, in all its forms, up to and including galaxies, should be
subordinate to the bipolar power model "material core" - "ideal,
empty (or loose) surroundings". The situation is absolutely identical with
living matter, starting from the simple cellular structures and reaching the
high unity "material, spatial body" -
"ideal, non-spatial consciousness". A characteristic consequence
of the initial dualism is and the two-sex system, with its way of functioning
(in mammals and humans). In
maximum generalization, the same represents the pair of opposites "definite,
spatial, material, male nature" - "indefinite, non-spatial, ideal,
female nature", whereupon the male nature is with adjustment to oscillate in the female. Otherwise stated, as we
remove the psyche and emotions, what we call "sex" is a quantum
mechanics par excellence.
Let's repeat. All indications point to the conclusion that the Universe is built on the Principle of Oppositeness, which is a Principle of Definiteness, and hence of know ability. From the Principle of Oppositeness emanates the highly heuristic Principle of Similarity, allowing us to judge from the surface layers about those in depth and so to the very beginning. In this sense, we are talking about one a generally valid, substantial entity. We are talking about an overall scientific product "material-ideal opposite“, equivalent to „quantitative-qualitative definiteness", coming from the very bottom of matter, which Physics is called to reveal in the necessary details.
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3. Relativistic Physics 3.1
Ostentatious lines of the Principle of Definiteness In reality, Special Relativity is not built on the
Principle of Relativity. Because relativity
means indeterminacy, something unknowable that does not yield itself to
researching. And
this theory is a source of new knowledge. This
discrepancy is an important sign.
There are impressive circumstances and facts behind it. As we have already noted, the sensory-brain apparatus minutely makes us understand that the World around us is built on the Principle of qualitative-quantitative determination. Therefore it is knowable and measurable. This Principle is everywhere; We will begin its delineation with the global initial directions of Knowledge. According to the Principle of Definiteness, there are three possibilities for scientific reflection of our surrounding Nature: – Reflection
resulting from its Qualitative determination. On this basis arose the science
of Philosophy (natural philosophy), operating with the apparatus of concepts (with the
concepts as a toolkit). – Reflection
resulting from its Quantitative determination. On this basis, the science of
Mathematics arose, dealing with the interrelationship of numbers (with the
numbers as a toolkit). – Reflection-symbiosis
of the previous two beginnings. Simultaneously, from Qualitative and Quantitative
determinism, as a unified mathematical-philosophical formation, the science
of Physics appears, with its instruments – physical quantities (symbiosis of
the previous two toolkits). It is called to give the picture of Nature in its
entirety. 3.2. Essence of physical quantities The dual origin of Physics implies a duality of
physical quantities as well. They should be formed as fully defined binary operators
consisting, in a way, of a mathematical component (number) and a
philosophical component (concept-scale). For example, the content of the
physical quantity "length" is exhausted by the expression "a
certain number of meters", where "a certain number" is some
number, and "meter" is the concept-scale. Therefore, the physical
quantity "length" represents the dualism (number).(meter). The same
applies to the quantity "time" or "a certain number of
seconds" – it represents the dualism (number).(second). 3.3. About the indeterminacy "United space-time" The fundamental duality of physical quantities leads to
the conclusion that the abstraction-indeterminacy "United
space-time" is another fallacy in contemporary physics. Because neither
the meter and the second are interlaced (this is shown by checking with the
Lorentz transformations), nor are the numbers in front of them. And there is
nothing else to intertwine. In fact, the problem of finding the parameters of a light signal in a system K'(x', t') moving inertially with respect to a stationary system K(x, t) is fully determined. The starting quantities x and t are defined (not merged). The light signal imports additionally its determined constant speed (c) . As a result, the orthodox dependencies are obtained: x=c.t, t=x/c (10) Expressions (10) convert the Lorentz transformations
into one-valued ratios: x'=N.x , t'=N.t (11) where N=(1-v/c)1/2/(1+ v/c)1/2
(the quantities x' and t' are also not merged). 3.4. The Michelson-Morley experiment as an example of indeterminacy For greater clarity, we will draw a parallel with
living matter.
We all know that taste receptors do not feel the taste of saliva,
olfactory receptors do not feel the smell of air, thermal receptors do not
feel body temperature. This is so because the agent-receptor pair represents
identity, unknowable indeterminacy, relativity. And the senses feel and
signal the brain only when there are differences, when there is definiteness.
This is the universal Principle of Determination, coming from the quantum
essence of matter. As a confirmation, the interferometers of Fizeau (1851) and Sagnac (1913) "sense" the motion of system K' (respectively, on the water and the wheel), because they are positioned outside of it, in the stationary system K (definiteness=knowability). The same is true of Roemer (1676) and Bradley's (1728) observations. While in the Michelson-Morley experiment (1881) the device is in the moving system K', is identical with it. For this reason, the result will always be zero here. Unless we destroy the identity. This can be done in several ways. 3. 5. Getting out of indeterminacy in the Michelson-Morley experiment Let the device arms
be open to 1800. A compensatory mechanism operates between the
paths of the light signals directed to the left and to the right. We have to
spoil it. For this purpose, we place a glass plate with a thickness of d=1mm
on the "going" path of the signals. Calculations show that then
there will be about a 0.35mm difference between the crests of the two waves. 3.6. Definiteness and indefiniteness in Cognition with examples from human sensibility Definiteness cannot be absolute. To show this, let's go
back to the sensory system. The vestibular apparatus keeps the body upright
along the line of the gravity vertical. However, he feels only the deviations
from it (he is designed to feel only differences). In the zone of the
vertical itself, identity is obtained and the sensation ceases. Therefore,
the body cannot stay stretched out along the vertical, but performs a
continuous swing back and forth relative to it (to achieve the opposite). The
area around the vertical remains unknowable, it represents an irremovable
element of indefiniteness. That is to say,
the determinism of our Knowledge is approximate. Absolute truth is
unattainable. The same is confirmed by the physiology of the eye. It produces a left and right image of the observed object (to achieve contrast). Between the two images, where the object itself is located, the eye ceases to see. The object as absolute truth remains unattainable. These are inviolable laws. 3.7. On the confused notions of the Special Theory However, the demonstrated inviolable laws arising from
the Determination Principle do not seem to hold for Special Relativity. It seamlessly
enters into the identity of the inertial systems and reveals their relations.
It also calmly synchronizes clocks, having captured the absolute truth of the
light signals. How does he achieve these impossible to achieved
things? The answer is: Through total mind manipulation…of course, by self-delusion. Namely: In order to present his first postulate – the identical inertial systems K'(x', t') and K''(x'', t'') moving against each other, the author has stood in a stationary system K( x, t) (it doesn't matter if the systems are moving against each other or side by side). There is no other way. Follows the unshakable logical-mathematical law: Two systems (K' and K'') relating equally to a third (system K) are identical to each other. Or the equality of relations holds: К'/К=К''/К (12) From (12), the following identities will be valid: K'=K'', respectively x'=x'' and t'=t'' (13) Between systems K' and K'' there are no
transformations, no mathematics. That's the end of the Theory. Another result
of the Principle of Relativity cannot be obtained. 3.8. About the paradoxes of the Special Theory However, the author begins to improvise. Contrary to
any logic, he wants to distinguish the same systems (the same but different?!). For this purpose, fictitiously,
according to him, he accepts one as stationary. He is in a completely ignorance that by making the
systems opposite, he introduces a definiteness between them, the result of
which are the Lorentz transformations. In a word, the Author sets out with
the Principle of Relativity. But then he abandoned it and built his Theory on
the Principle of Determination. The next step is again ludicrously illogical – a return to the Principle of Relativity by unifying the already fixed two opposing viewpoints. The mind-created phenomenon of "both difference and sameness" gives life to the famous paradoxes. Their failure can be demonstrated by Michelson's experiment, transferred to the motionless Ether and observed from the moving Earth. This reverse viewpoint gives a lengthening of the meter and second (elongation is mock...it is obtained from the measurement with the shortened moving scales). 4. Conclusion There can be no doubt that the universe is built on the
Principle of Oppositeness, which is also the Principle of Determination. He
is everywhere. Its establishment as a supreme law comes from the dual
"material-ideal" quantum beginning of matter, as follows: –
Material factor: Finitely discrete portion of mass m0 – const.
(the indivisible atom of Democritus). – Ideal
factor: Finitely discrete portion of energy E0=h – const.
(Planck's constant). The two opposite factors are linked in indivisible
unity: E0/m0 = k – const. The coefficient k shows the
energy saturation of the mass, its energy capacity which is not subject to
change. The
same is of a dualistic nature, depending on whether the energy is in a
kinetic or potential state. This quantum beginning is uncreatable and
indestructible.
Through the Principle of Oppositeness, it programs Relativistic Physics as
well. The Special of Relativity, although it speaks of relativity, without
suspecting creates and works under conditions of determinism. In this sense, it is
only in words the Theory of Relativity. And in reality it represents a Special
Theory of Definiteness, but disfigured with
tragicomic relativity. References [1]. A. Nikolov
- Towards a change of ideas in philosophy and physics, Sofia 1999, part II, pp.
178-278 [2]. R. Radev – Antique Philosophy,
Sofia 1988, pp. 97-108
. [3] D. Giancoli – Physics, Moscow 1989, Vol. 2, pp. 500, 501 [4] R. Radev – Antique Philosophy,
Sofia 1988, pp. 132-148
[5] V.V.Struchkov,
B.M.Yavorsky – Questions of modern physics, Moscow 1973, p. 43 [6]. A. Nikolov – Philosophical aspects of human
external sensitivity, NotaBene journal, issue No.
15 (2010), rubric Podium [7] A. Einstein – On the electrodynamics of moving bodies,
§ 2, http://www.fourmilab.ch/etexts/einstein/specrel/www/ ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
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