ABOUT THE QUANTUM BEGINNING AND THE UNITY OF FORCES

Abstract: The World is built on the Principle of opposite. However, the physics does not work in this direction. Here we will show the starting "plus-minus" material structure and its definitions, as follows: boundary mass m₀ – const (the atom of Democritus) ; boundary energy E₀=h – const  (the Plank’s constant) ; linear size of the bipolar microcell R_r – const. ; linear density ρ_r=m₀/R_r – const ; interaction force between the material "plus" beginning and the ideal "minus" beginning  F_r=c².ρ_r –  const. ; gravitational constant G=c²/ρ_r (already with clear physical sense). These parameters (Е₀=h, m₀₌h/с², ρ_r=с²/G, R_r=h.G/с⁴, F_r=c⁴/G) form the quantum unit of the matter, respectively, of the Universe. Along with solving of this task, we also track the unified origin of the forces F=a.m и F=G.(m₁.m₂)/R².  In general all forces in Nature have their explanation as derivatives of the primary force F_r=c².ρ_r . In the end, we give to understand where it comes from the ability of matter to moves and develops itself. 

ЗА КВАНТОВОТО НАЧАЛО И ЕДИНСТВОТО НА СИЛИТЕ

 Резюме:  Светът е устроен на Принципа на противоположност. Физиката обаче не работи в тази посока. Тук ще покажем изходната „плюс-минус“ структура на материята, с нейните определения, както следва: гранична маса m₀ – const (атомът на Демокрит) ; гранична енергия Е₀=h – const (Планковата константа) ; линеен размер на биполярната микроклетка R_r – const ; линейна плътност ρ_r=m₀/R_r – const ; сила F_r на взаимодействие между материалното „плюс“ начало и идеалното „минус“ начало F_r=c².ρ_r  – const. ; гравитационна константа G=с²/ρ_r (вече с ясен физически смисъл). Тези параметри (Е₀=h, m₀₌h/с², ρ_r=с²/G, R_r=h.G/с⁴, F_r=c⁴/G) формират квантовата единица на материята, респективно, на Вселената. Наред с решаването на тази задача, проследяваме и единния произход на силите F=a.m и F=G.(m₁.m₂)/R². Изобщо всички сили в Природата имат своето обяснение като производни на първичната сила F_r=c².ρ_r . В крайна сметка, даваме да се разбере откъде идва способността на материята да се самодвижи и саморазвива

FOR ENERGY AT THE CYCLICAL MOVEMENTS

Abstract

In all cyclical movements, including electromagnetic waves, it is about a process of transformation of energy by many time repetitions the same cycle. Here we will show the three legal situations that determine this transformation, namely: 1) Amount of the transformed energy E₀ from one cycle. The energy E₀ from one cycle will be a constant value as it is a result of unchangeable initial conditions. At a quantum level E₀=h – the Planck’s constant...depends on the constant structure of the field matter. 2) Total amount of the transformed energy E from n performed cycle. The total energy E is equal to the constant energy from one cycle E₀=h, multiplied by the number n of the cycles performed – E=h.n. 3) Speed of transformation of the energy dE/dt or power of the process according to the dependence: N=dE/dt=h.(dn/dt) or N=h.f, where f=dn/dt is the process frequency (number of oscillations per unit time). The compilation E=h.f, proposed by M. Plank, is a misunderstandin. This is evidenced by its juxtaposition with the dependence E=h.n for random radiation – for example with a frequency f=600.10¹²Hz, where n=600.10¹² is the number of oscillations: According to today's formula E=h.f, for 1 sec. the emitted energy is E₁=h.f, for 2 sec. – E₂=E₁=h.f, for 3 sec. – E₃=E₁=h.f, etc. This result is obviously implausible. The correct conclusion follows from formula E=h.n, namely: Е₁=h.х;n ; Е₂=2Е₁=h.2n ; Е₃=3Е₁=h.3n etc. (with time, the number n of the oscillations is doubled, tripled, etc.).

ЗА ЕНЕРГИЯТА ПРИ ЦИКЛИЧНИТЕ ДВИЖЕНИЯ

Резюме

При всички циклични движения, в това число и при електромагнитните вълни, става въпрос за процес на преобразуване на енергия чрез многократно повтаряне на един и същ цикъл. Тук ще покажем трите законови положения, които определят това преобразуване, а именно: 1) Количество на преобразуваната енергия Е₀ от един цикъл. На квантово ниво Е₀=h – Планковата константа...зависи от непроменливата структура на полевата материя. 2) Общо количество на преобразуваната енергия Е от n извършени цикъла. Сумарната енергия Е е рявна на постоянната енергия от един цикъл E₀=h, умножена по броя n на извършените цикли – Е=h.n. 3) Скорост на преобразуване на енергията dE/dt или мощност на процеса, съгласно зависимостта: N=dE/dt=h.(dn/dt), т.е. N=h.f, където f=dn/dt е честотата (брой колебания за секунда). Компилацията E=h.f, предложена от М. Планк, е недоразумение. Това личи от нейното съпоставяне със зависимостта Е=h.n за произволно излъчване – например с честота f=600.10¹²Hz, където n=600.10¹² е броят на колебанията: Според днешната формула Е=h.f , за 1 сек. излъчeната енергия е Е₁=h.f , за 2 сек. – Е₂=Е₁=h.f, за 3 сек. – Е₃=Е₁=h.f и т.н..Този резултат очевидно е неправдоподобен. Вярното заключение следва от формула Е=h.n, а именно: Е₁=h.n ;  Е₂=2Е₁=h.2n  ; Е₃=3Е₁=h.3n  и т.н. (с времето броят n на колебанията се удвоява, утроява и т.н.).

ON THE NATURE OF THE MOVEMENT (ЗА СЪЩНОСТТА НА ДВИЖЕНИЕТО)

Abstract

The peace at quantum level is absolute – force field (system К₀). Here are possible only wobble (wave) movements. Moreover, the passage of energy into kinetic form has two aspects: 1) Quantity E of the transformed energy. 2) Speed dE/dt of transformation of the energy or power N=dE/dt.  In point 1 is in force: E=h.n, where h=E₀ is the constant energy of one oscillation (the Planck\s constant), and n – number of the oscillations done. In point 2 is in force: dE/dt=h.(dn/dt) or N=h.f, where f=dn/dt is the frequency – the number of oscillations per unit of time. The compilation E=h.f, proposed by M. Plank, obviously is a misunderstanding. For information, the electric meter works by the formula: dE/dt=h*.(dn/dt) or (dE/dt).dt=h*.dn, respectively Е=N.t=h*.n  [vat.sec]  (h* – an energy from one rotation of the disc…depends on its sizes and material).

FOR THE SPACE (ЗА ПРОСТРАНСТВОТО)

Abstract

It seems today's physics does not know what is space. The truth of space begins here: Only matter forms space, is spatial! There is no matter without space – there is no space without matter! In confirmation of this maxim are the parameters of the primary cell of matter: Mass m₀=h/c2 – boundary discrete portion of matter, with linear size l₀, the Planck’s constant h=E₀ – boundary discrete portion of energy, l₀* - distance between the masses m₀, total linear size r₀*=l₀+l₀* (between the centers of two masses m₀) and a linear density p₀*=m₀/r₀*, where m₀, h and c are basic constants, and r₀* and p₀* - regional. The bipolar structure of the microcell generates a force F₀*=G.ρ₀*.ρ₀*, where G=c²/ρ₀* is the gravitational constant (which is also regional). Hence ρ₀*=c²/G, r₀*=m₀/p₀*. This is the quantum unit of the Universe.

PRINCIPLE OF OPPOSITES IN QUANTUM MECHANICS (ПРИНЦИП НА ПРОТИВОПОЛОЖНОСТ В КВАНТОВАТА МЕХАНИКА)

Abstract

Matter cannot be created or lost (m=const). The same applies to its ability to act (E=const). Hence the main attitude of matter: E/m=k – const. At the fission boundary m₀, E₀ it obtains the type: E₀/m₀=k=c2 – const., i.e. the Universe seems to be organized only on three main constants: Mass constant m₀ , energy constant E₀ and constant for energy saturation of the mass k=c² . The question arises: The constants E₀ and m₀ where are they lost... why have not we found them yet and why in the main attitude is there no room for Planck constant h and gravitational constant G? The answer is: With a careful analysis of Planck's formula E=h.f, where h is the Planck's constant, and f – the frequency of the radiation, we come to the conclusion, that it expresses the power of this radiation and not its energy. In the cyclic processes, including wave harmonics, the energy E is equal to the constant energy E₀ per cycle multiplied by the number n of the cycles performed: E=E₀.n. In a word, the Planck's constant h is in fact the constant E₀ – the quantum beginning of the Universum (along with the constant m₀).

PRINCIPLE OF OPPOSITE AT THE INERTIAL SYSTEMS (ПРИНЦИП НА ПРОТИВОПОЛОЖНОСТ ПРИ ИНЕРЦИАЛНИТЕ СИСТЕМИ)

Abstract

In the article we show in details why and how exactly the Special Theory, without suspecting, abandons the Principle of relativity between two inertial systems and begins to work according to the Principle of opposite between them. Precisely with this own disguised maneuver, of which, we have said, is in complete ignorance, and only it is thanks to her, she succeeds in getting to the Lorentz's transformations.

MODELLING OF RELATIVISTIC EXPERIMENTS WITH LIGHT SIGNALS (МОДЕЛИРАНЕ НА РЕЛАТИВНИ ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТИ СЪС СВЕТЛИННИ СИГНАЛИ)

Abstract: The relative experiments with light signals are conducted according to the circumstances, without insight into their principle of arranging. This way of scientific progress leaves behind estimates, deprived of explicitness. Is needed systematization, so the demand for concrete results be made purposefully, with elements of heuristics.

EXPERIMENT OF SAGNAC (1913) – TREATMENT WITH INERTIAL MOVEMENT OF THE MIRRORS (ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТ НА САНЯК (1913) – ПОСТАНОВКА С ИНЕРЦИАЛНО ДВИЖЕНИЕ НА ОГЛЕДАЛАТА)

Abstract

The witty experiment per Sanyak represents a direct testament to the unsoundness of the second postulate of the Special theory. But her admirers quickly stick to it the label "non-inertial" with which it removes from its path of scientific rise, respectively, it crossed out for discussion and study. From the very staging of the experiment, however, shows that this assessment is unserious.

EXPERIMENT OF FIZEAU (1851) – PASSAGE OF LIGHT THROUGH TRANSPARENT SUBSTANCES (ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТ НА ФИЗО (1851) – ПРЕМИНАВАНЕ НА СВЕТЛИНАТА ПРЕЗ ПРОЗРАЧНИ ВЕЩЕСТВА)

Abstract: The conclusions from the experiment of Fizeau (1851) are unsatisfactory, with the disadvantage to look at the facts primarily on the visible surface. In this sense, they are the incomplete and partially unfaithful.

OBSERVATION OF BRADLEY (1728) – DYNAMIC LIGHT REFRACTION (НАБЛЮДЕНИЕ НА БРАДЛИ (1728) – ДИНАМИЧНО ПРЕЧУПВАНЕ НА СВЕТЛИНАТА)

 Abstract: The phenomenon of "light refraction" has two components: The first, the familiar static refraction as a result of the nature of substance and the angle of incidence of the beam (a genuine refraction – valid both for the moving systems and the system Кo of the light). The second, the omitted by a report dynamic refraction as a result of the movement of the Earth (valid only for the moving systems).

DATA ANALYSIS FROM THE OBSERVATION OF ROEMER (1676) (АНАЛИЗ НА ДАННИТЕ ОТ НАБЛЮДЕНИЕТО НА РЬОМЕР (1676))

Abstract: The asymmetry between the roads "going" and "return" of light signal in a moving system K' (regarding system Ko of light) can be caught only with unidirectional signals. Such case constitutes the observation of Roemer (1676). Roemer measures the period T of rotation of the satellite Yo around Jupiter (stationary system K), using the unidirectional rays of Yo to the Earth (moving system K') in staging closed by Earth's orbit. Thus detects unclarified in depth timing differences between the zones of moving away and approach of the Earth to Yo, carelessly neglected by the relativism.

DECISION OF RELATIVE TASK WITH THREE CLOCKS (РЕШЕНИЕ НА РЕЛАТИВНА ЗАДАЧА С ТРИ ЧАСОВНИКА)

Abstract

DECISION OF RELATIVE TASK WITH THREE CLOCKS: Three identical clocks (systems, brothers triplets) К, К' and K" are located on one line. Initial on the left is a clock K', which moves to the right with velocity v. At some distance from it stands the stationary clock K. And a third, at a considerable distance from both is a clock K", which moves to the left with velocity v. Follows the process of capturing of the times: First, a clock K' meetings clock K, respectively, K' is updated with K. Afterward, a clock K' meetings clock K", respectively, K" is updated with K', i.e, takes the indication K'. So the indication K" becomes (and remains) the same as indication K', wherever they may be is located a clock K' along the line of movement. Finally a clock K" meetings clock K, returning so the time t' back at the starting point of measurement. At this moment, the times t'=t" and t of the two clocks are compared directly. By itself is understood that the result will be one: either t'=t"<t, or t<t'=t".

SECOND POSTULATE OF THE SPECIAL THEORY – PHILOSOPHICAL CONTRAINDICATIONS (ВТОРИ ПОСТУЛАТ НА СПЕЦИАЛНАТА ТЕОРИЯ – ФИЛОСОФСКИ ПРОТИВОПОКАЗАНИЯ)

Abstract

SECOND POSTULATE OF THE SPECIAL THEORY – PHILOSOPHICAL CONTRAINDICATIONS: The movement in "emptiness" (vacuum) is a movement regarding this "emptiness". And to attribute the possibility of movement and of the very "emptiness" is simply ridiculous. "The emptiness" is a synonym of full.peace. Regarding her, the velocities of the objects-systems are arranged hierarchically. Hence the mathematics between a stationary system K and a moving K' (for the lengths): L=L'.b – real results in K, L' = L/b – mirrored (anti) result in K' (yet Copernicus showed that observations K' are not true). The idea of the Theory at L=L'.b the opposite expression to be L'=L.b is undoubtedly innovative. Only it is not known to have such mathematics. In short, at equality of rights is in force L'=L, at inequality of rights – L=L'.b, L'=L/b, and at the dizzying "unequal equality" of the Theory – her supermodel L=L'.b, L'=L.b...[b=(1-v²/c²)^1/2]. However, there is no prohibition system Кo to bind with "the emptiness". Now if mentally cut the hoop of the Galaxy and it expands, it will get a "river" of inertial systems and independent of these beams of light – viewpoint Кo. Immediately make a connection with the eternal truth of the antique genius: "Everything flows, everything changes". But it appears the Special theory which begins to manipulate this undoubted position ushering through the second postulate something like an own norm: "For the duration of the transition of the light signal between two points everything ceases to run". That is to say, in this period of time the Theory in order to decide their task, "terminated" the movement of the inertial systems regarding system Кo. It is precisely thus in each of them the signal is moving with the same speed "c".

SECOND POSTULATE OF THE SPECIAL THEORY – CRITICAL ANALYSIS (ВТОРИ ПОСТУЛАТ НА СПЕЦИАЛНАТА ТЕОРИЯ – КРИТИЧЕН АНАЛИЗ)

            Abstract

       SECOND POSTULATE OF THE SPECIAL THEORY – CRITICAL ANALYSIS: In the wording of the second postulate of the Special Theory, we are witnessing of obvious unscientific approach. The speed of light establishes as constant when measured with a single clock in bidirectional regime "going-return" and the Theory a priori accept this result as valid and unidirectional – only the outward, only on return. I.e. the objective truth is: In closed loop "going-return", the speed of light is with a constant average value in all systems and all directions. In this regard, the measurement with a single clock is not quite accurate but it is the as accurately as possible. It regulates the limit of accuracy to which can reach relativism. Any other options will impair the objectivity of the study.

PRINCIPLE OF RELATIVITY – PHILOSOPHICAL CONTRAINDICATIONS (ПРИНЦИП НА ОТНОСИТЕЛНОСТ – ФИЛОСОФСКИ ПРОТИВОПОКАЗАНИЯ)

Abstract  (МТ)
The scientific interest having to expose certain inconsistencies of the conclusions of the Special Theory with laws from the fields of the cognition whose universal validity is unshakable. I will mark the moments at the phenomenon of "movement" in which the Theory replaced the objective order of the cognitive process with their own whims and suggestions.